People who know more about sharks are often more receptive to protecting them. This is a finding of a new review of the human side of shark conservation. The team led by Juliana M. Gleaves examined 171 scientific studies covering perceptions, experiences and behaviours across different population groups.
The Adelaide University announcement, published on 7 September 2026, highlights that a more realistic understanding of shark behaviour and ecological roles was often associated with less fear.
Knowledge and attitudes are connected
The studies came from 32 countries, most frequently the USA and Australia. More than half referred to ‘sharks’ in general without naming a particular species. As a result, ideas about especially well-known species may shape responses.
The review identifies associations, but does not establish a general causal relationship: it cannot show that a particular lesson or a single dive reduces fear in everyone. Participant selection also matters. People who book shark tours are often already interested in nature and species conservation.
Non-lethal measures preferred, effects often unclear
Many people who use the ocean for surfing or other activities preferred measures that do not kill sharks. At the same time, some respondents did not know that existing shark nets can kill animals. The university sees this as a specific opportunity to provide clearer information about the methods being used.
Fishing communities should also be included: in the review, fishers recognised the ecological importance of sharks but reported conflicts over sharks taking their catch and sometimes felt insufficiently represented in decisions.
Education must reach each audience
The findings support tailoring information to different experiences. Shark tours may offer opportunities to explain practical conservation actions, while bathing beaches benefit from clear explanations of local measures. Education should put actual risks in context and take the interests of affected groups into account.