Sharks are among the most fascinating sea creatures: powerful, elegant – and completely unjustly feared. For many divers, an encounter with them is the highlight of every diving adventure. But anyone who wants to dive with sharks should observe some important rules. This article explains what beginners and professionals must always pay attention to in order to make this extraordinary experience safe, respectful, and unforgettable.
1. Choose the right dive center
The first step to a safe and successful shark dive is choosing a professional dive school. When selecting, pay attention to the following criteria:
- Certifications and experience: International standards like PADI or CMAS stand for professional training. Good reviews and experienced guides are further indicators of quality.
- Safety standards: Find out about emergency plans, the condition of rental equipment, and its maintenance intervals.
- Group size: Small groups offer more personal attention and increase safety – especially for beginners.
- Beginner-friendly options: Choose programs that match your level of experience. Avoid challenging dive sites with strong currents or great depth.
- Preliminary research: Check out videos and photos (on the website or social media channels) of the dive center in advance and read reviews from other divers.
2. Before the dive: the safety briefing
Every shark dive begins with a comprehensive briefing – a mandatory step that must not be skipped. It should include the following aspects:
- Joint equipment check with your dive buddy
- Dive plan (route, depth, duration)
- Emergency procedures, e.g. air shortage or current
- Hand signals for underwater communication
- Specific behavior rules when dealing with sharks: keep distance, maintain eye contact, how to act when approached
3. Behavior underwater: calmness is everything
Your behavior while diving has a crucial impact on how sharks perceive you. Basic rules for a safe presence:
- Stay calm: Avoid sudden movements. Dive controlled and glide smoothly through the water.
- Follow the buddy system: Always stay within sight, never dive alone.
- Communicate regularly: Use hand signals to avoid misunderstandings.
- Eye contact with sharks: You should always maintain eye contact with the shark during the dive. This signals confidence.
- Adopt a vertical position: Stay upright in the water to appear larger.
4. Protection through equipment
A complete and well-chosen equipment not only protects against cold and injuries but can also prevent misunderstandings with sharks:
- Full coverage: Wear a hood, gloves, and booties. Exposed skin—such as on hands or the neck—appears underwater like a wound. In injured fish, their white flesh is visible.
- Subtle colors: Dark wetsuits are less conspicuous. Ideally, wear completely black equipment. Avoid shiny or bright gear. Shiny jewelry must be removed before the dive.
- Hoses: All hoses should fit snugly to prevent a shark from getting caught.
- Additional equipment: A signal buoy, underwater signaling whistle, and, if necessary, a knife increase safety.
- Photo equipment: Securely fasten the camera, handle it calmly, and avoid using flash.
5. Understanding shark behavior
Those who understand shark behavior can better assess their movements and respond appropriately.
- Sharks are curious but usually shy. They generally avoid direct contact with humans.
- Avoid shiny objects or bright colors like yellow, as they can attract attention.
- Always keep sharks in sight; do not turn your back on them.
- Avoid loud noises or sudden movements – they could be perceived as a threat.
6. When sharks come too close
Although aggressive encounters with sharks are extremely rare, it is helpful to be prepared for anything:
- Stay calm and gently guide the animal away from you using your hand, camera, or another object – like a barrier. This should of course NOT be done near the shark’s mouth.
- Last resort: A controlled pressure (not a punch!) on the sensitive gill area can deter the shark – but only in an absolute emergency. The gills are one of the shark’s most sensitive weak points. It will understand that you know its vulnerability and take caution.
An agitated shark often shows clear warning signs that may indicate possible aggression or an impending attack. These include lowered pectoral fins, a curved or tense body posture with an arched back, and quick, unpredictable movements. An open mouth, rhythmic gill flaring, and a slightly raised snout are also typical signs of agitation. This so-called agonistic behavior is often displayed by sharks when they feel threatened or want to defend their territory. Especially in such moments, it is crucial to remain calm, keep distance, and closely observe the shark to properly assess the situation and respond in a de-escalating manner. In such a case, one should leave the water as quickly as possible.
7. Dos and don’ts when diving with sharks
✅ Dos
- Keep a distance of at least 2–3 meters.
- Stay calm and always keep an eye on the sharks.
- Never dive alone – always stick with your buddy.
- Listen to the dive guide – they know the animals and the area.
❌ Don’ts
- Do not touch or feed sharks.
- Do not wear jewelry or bright colors.
- Do not swim away hastily – this can appear as prey behavior.
- Do not behave provocatively.
Fascination with responsibility
Diving with sharks is a unique experience – when you are well prepared and behave respectfully. With the right equipment, calm behavior, and a basic understanding of the animals' behavior, every dive becomes safe and impressive. Those who approach sharks with respect help improve their image and honor their role in the marine ecosystem – as fascinating, indispensable creatures of our oceans.
